ALVIDA MAHE RAMADAAN ALVIDA
The obligatory amount
of Fitrah is one Sä’ which is 4 Mudd; 1 Mudd is equal to about three- quarters of a kilogram. So one Sä’is equal to 3 kilograms (about 6.6 pounds).
Payment of Fitrah becomes Wajib (obligatory)
after sunset on the eve of Eid-ul-Fitr on a person who is:
·
Baligh (attained puberty),
·
Aqil (sane),
·
Is not needy, not poor,
·
not unconscious
for himself and all his dependants
wherever and whoever they are irrespective of age & belief. For those who
pray Salatul Eid, it is Ehtiyat Wajib to give the Fitrah before
the Eid prayers and for those not praying Salatul Eid the
time extends up to beforeDhuhr.
NOTE 1:
If a person spends money on someone which is sufficient for his
maintenance that is not enough to consider him as one of his dependants.
Dependants are required to be under his care for their livelihood.
NOTE 2:
If a person is a dependant of two people, his Fitrah is obligatory on
both by being divided between them.
NOTE 3:
If the Fitrah of a person is obligatory on another person, it is not
obligatory on him to give his Fitrah himself.
NOTE
4: If it is obligatory on
a person to pay the Fitrah of another person, his obligation
will not end if the latter himself pays his own Fitrah
For the purpose of Fitrah,
dependants include guests who are present at the host’s house at the time of
sunset on the eve ofEid-ul-Fitrah. However, if a guest comes
without the consent of the host, his Fitrah becomes Wajib upon
the host on the basis ofEhtiyat Wajib (obligatory precaution). This
ruling also applies to a person who is forcibly made to maintain another
person. But if he invites a person for Iftar on the night of Eid,
he is not one of his dependants and his Fitrah is not obligatory on
the person who invited him.
(Ehtiyat Mustahab to pay for
uninvited guest or one forcibly maintained.)
On the basis of obligatory precaution (Ehtiyat
Wajib), one should not give Fitrah from that food which is not staple
in his place (town or city), even if it be wheat, barley, dates or
raisins. In other words, the article of Fitrah should be the
common food of the people of the town normally eaten by them, even if it is not
the only thing that they eat. This is regardless of whether it is from
the four categories (wheat, barley, dates and raisins) or from other than them
such as rice and maize.
(Staple food has not been made a
condition).
NOTE: It is sufficient if
payment is made in cash instead of food.
DISBURSEMENT OF FITRAH
Fitrah is not given to a needy
person who, according to the Shari’a is a Faqeer, that is, a person who is not
able to meet his living expenses for himself and for his dependants for one
whole year, nor does he possess the means to earn a livelihood for himself and
his dependants.
NOTE 1: It is Ehtiyat
Wajib that Fitrah is given to a Faqeer who is a Shia
Ithna Asheri.
(Ehtiyat Mustahab to give to a
Shia Ithna-Asheri Faqeer.)
NOTE 2:
The Faqeer to whom Fitrah is given need not necessarily be Adil,
but it is Ehtiyat Wajib that Fitrah should not be given to a
person who drinks liquor, or one who does not perform his daily Salaat or
one who commits sins openly or one who will use the Fitrah in
a sinful way.
NOTE 3:
The essential factor is the value at the time of the payment, not at the time
of the obligation, and the country in which Fitrah is paid,
not the country of the person on whom the obligation is
due.
A non-Seyyid cannot give Fitrah to
a Seyyid even if he maintains a Seyyid and pays his Fitrah.
It is recommended to give preference to
one’s relatives when giving Fitrah, then to the neighbors and then Ahlul
Ilm (people of learning).
It is necessary to have the intention
(niyyah) of giving Fitrah to fulfill God’s obligation and for His
pleasure only.
If one does not give out or set
aside the Fitrah within the due time, he should give the Fitrah later,
on the basis of precaution, without making the Niyyah of Ada or Qadha but
only the Niyyah of Qurbatan Ilallah.
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